A survey of metaphysics

자료유형	단행본
서명/저자사항	A survey of metaphysics / E.J. Lowe.
개인저자	Lowe, E. J. (E. Jonathan)
발행사항	Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2002.
형태사항	xiii, 402 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
ISBN	0198752539
서지주기	Includes bibliographical references (p. [386]-395) and index.
일반주제명	Metaphysics.
언어	영어

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[영문] CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION : THE NATURE OF METAPHYSICS = 1
What is metaphysics? = 1
The threat of relativism = 4
The objection from naturalized epistemology = 5
Kant and the possibility of metaphysics = 7
Metaphysics and empirical knowledge = 9
Possibility, concepts, and semantics = 11
Ontology and ontological categories = 13
A short outline of this book = 16
PART Ⅰ : IDENTITY AND CHANGE
2. IDENTITY OVER TIME AND CHANGE OF COMPOSITION = 23
  Numerical and qualitative identity = 23
  Composite objects and change of parts = 24
  The puzzle of the ship of Theseus = 25
  Two radical solutions to the puzzle = 28
  A better solution? = 30
  Intermittent existence = 33
  Fission and fusion = 35
  Is vague identity possible? = 36
  The paradox of the thousand and one cats = 37
3. QUALITATIVE CHANGE AND THE DOCTRINE OF TEMPORAL PARTS = 41
  Leibniz's Law and the problem of qualitative change = 41
  Presentism = 42
  Three temporal realist solutions to the problem = 43
  A clarification of the adverbial solution = 47
  Perdurance versus endurance = 49
  The notion of temporal parts = 50
  A problem for perdurance theories = 54
  Temporal parts as theoretical entities = 55
4. SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE AND SPATIOTEMPORAL COINCIDENCE = 59
  Beginning and ceasing to exist = 59
  Can there be coinciding objects? = 61
  Relative versus absolute identity = 62
  Temporal parts and coinciding objects = 65
  Some radical solutions to the problem of coincidence = 66
  In defence of coinciding objects = 68
  Identity and constitution = 73
  The problem of Tibbles and Tib = 74
PART Ⅱ : NECESSITY, ESSENCE, AND POSSIBLE WORLDS
5. NECESSITY AND IDENTITY = 79
  Two kinds of possibility = 79
  Possibility as a dimension of variation = 80
  Possible worlds = 81
  Necessary truths and necessary beings = 82
  An argument for the necessity of identity = 84
  Some objections to the argument = 86
  Rigid designators = 89
  Transworld identity = 90
  Could two objects have been one? = 91
  The necessity of identity and the mind-body problem = 92
6. ESSENTIALISM = 96
  Essential and accidental properties = 96
  Essential properties and the necessity of identity = 99
  Essential properties and the problem of transworld identity = 100
  Individual essences and haecceities = 101
  The necessity of origin = 103
  A four-worlds argument for the necessity of origin = 104
  The necessity of constitution = 106
  A temporal comparison and accessibility relations = 109
  A brief stock-taking = 112
  Essence and conventionalism = 113
7. POSSIBLE WORLDS = 115
  The language of possible worlds = 115
  Modal logics and their interpretation = 116
  Accessibility relations and essentialist theses = 119
  How should we understand talk of possible worlds? = 120
  A deflationary view = 121
  Transworld identity again = 123
  Another deflationary view = 124
  Modal fictionalism = 126
  Realist theories of possible worlds = 128
  Robust realism and the indexical conception of actuality = 129
  Moderate realism and actualism versus possibilism = 131
PART Ⅲ : CAUSATION AND CONDITIONALS
8. COUNTERFACTUAL CONDITIONALS = 137
  Subjunctive versus indicative conditionals = 137
  Counterfactual conditionals and possible worlds = 139
  Conditional excluded middle and 'might' counterfactuals = 141
  The question of transitivity = 142
  The notion of 'closeness' between possible worlds = 145
  The problem of deterministic worlds = 146
  Backtracking counterfactuals and context-dependency = 148
  The question of transitivity again = 151
  An alternative analysis of counterfactuals = 152
9. CAUSES AND CONDITIONS = 155
  Causal statements and the relata of causation = 155
  Event causation = 157
  The 'Humean' analysis of causation and its problems = 158
  The counterfactual approach to event causation = 160
  Probabilistic event causation = 162
  Contributory causes and background conditions = 165
  Fact causation = 167
  The Slingshot Argument = 169
  Possible responses to the Slingshot Argument = 171
10. COUNTERFACTUALS AND EVENT CAUSATION = 174
  The simple counterfactual analysis of event causation = 174
  Some difficulties for the simple analysis = 175
  The problem of causal overdetermination = 178
  Some possible responses to the problem = 180
  The complex counterfactual analysis of event causation = 182
  Pre-emption cases = 184
  General objections to the counterfactual approach = 186
  The circularity objection = 186
  The objectivity objection = 188
  Alternative approaches = 190
PART Ⅳ : AGENTS, ACTIONS, AND EVENTS
11. EVENT CAUSATION AND AGENT CAUSATION = 195
  Agents and agent causation = 195
  An analysis of agent causation = 196
  Causative action verbs and basic actions = 198
  The case for irreducible agent causation = 199
  The problem of free will = 201
  Mental causation, rational choice, and freedom of action = 203
  Basic actions and backward causation = 205
  The conceptual priority of agent causation = 206
  An analysis of event causation = 208
  Implications for the notion of causality = 211
12. ACTIONS AND EVENTS = 214
  Do events exist? = 214
  An argument for the existence of events = 216
  Criteria of identity = 220
  The individuation of actions and events = 221
  Are actions events? = 222
  A causal criterion of identity for events = 224
  Some responses to the circularity objection = 226
  Events as property exemplifications = 228
13. EVENTS, THINGS, AND SPACE-TIME = 232
  Event-ontologies versus thing-ontologies = 232
  Event-ontologies and modern physics = 233
  Events and change = 237
  Are there any 'subjectless' events? = 240
  Reductionism versus eliminativism = 241
  Is motion change of distance? = 242
  Prospects for a non-reductive pluralism of things and events = 244
  Can there be time without change? = 245
  Shoemaker's argument = 247
PART Ⅴ : SPACE AND TIME
14. ABSOLUTISM VERSUS RELATIONALISM = 253
  Dimensionality and the structure of space = 253
  Space as 'the void' versus space as a 'plenum' = 256
  Newtonian absolute space = 257
  The rotating bucket experiment and Mach's objection = 259
  The two-globes thought experiment = 262
  Objections to Mach's position = 263
  Some varieties of relationalism = 264
  The general theory of relativity and the nature of space = 266
  The special theory of relativity and the nature of time = 268
15. INCONGRUENT COUNTERPARTS AND THE NATURE OF SPACE = 271
  Substantivalism, relationalism, and transcendental idealism = 271
  The argument from incongruent counterparts = 273
  Kant's example of the solitary hand = 274
  A two-dimensional analogy = 276
  Moebius bands and the topology of space = 278
  Actual space versus possible spaces = 280
  How many dimensions could space have? = 283
  Does 'space' denote an ontological category? = 284
  Is handedness a property? = 285
16. THE PARADOXES OF MOTION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CHANGE = 288
  Reality and the appearance of change = 288
  The Paradox of the Racecourse = 289
  Is the paradox self-defeating? = 291
  An inverted version of the paradox = 291
  A common-sense objection to the paradox = 292
  Infinite series and supertasks = 293
  Why does the paradox seem so compelling? = 296
  More on inverted versions of the paradox = 297
  The Achilles Paradox = 299
  The Paradox of the Arrow and instantaneous velocity = 300
  How can something begin to move? = 303
  The Paradox of the Moving Blocks and discrete space-time = 304
17. TENSE AND THE REALITY OF TIME = 307
  The A series and the B series = 307
  Change and the passage of time = 310
  McTaggart's argument for the unreality of time = 312
  Does the A series involve a contradiction? = 313
  Tenses and the regress problem = 314
  A diagnosis of McTaggart's mistake = 318
  The B theorist's conception of time and tense = 319
  Is the passage of time illusory? = 320
  Dynamic conceptions of time and the reality of the future = 322
18. CAUSATION AND THE DIRECTION OF TIME = 325
  Temporal asymmetry and the structure of time = 325
  Temporal asymmetry and the passage of time = 328
  Causation and temporal asymmetry = 329
  Backward causation and time travel into the past = 332
  Affecting the past versus changing the past = 335
  'Personal' time versus 'external' time = 335
  Problems of multiple location and multiple occupancy = 336
  The Grandfather Paradox and the problem of causal loops = 338
  Time travel, general relativity, and informational loops = 341
  The laws of thermodynamics and the 'arrow' of time = 342
PART Ⅵ : UNIVERSALS AND PARTICULARS
19. REALISM VERSUS NOMINALISM = 347
  The distinction between universals and particulars = 347
  A spatiotemporal account of the distinction = 348
  Instantiation and an alternative account = 350
  Nominalists versus realists = 352
  Predicates and properties = 353
  Resemblance classes and resemblance nominalism = 355
  Some problems for resemblance nominalism = 357
  The bundle theory = 360
  Trope theory = 361
  The problem of resemblance = 362
20. THE ABSTRACT AND THE CONCRETE = 366
  Two notions of concreteness and the status of tropes = 366
  The spatiotemporal and causal criteria of abstractness = 368
  Existence in space and time = 370
  How is knowledge of abstract objects possible? = 372
  The indispensability argument = 373
  Mathematical truths and mathematical objects = 375
  The ontological status of sets = 377
  The ontological status of possible worlds = 378
  Universals and laws of nature = 379
  Are universals abstract or concrete objects? = 382
  The ontological status of facts and states of affairs = 384
Bibliography = 386
Index = 396

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